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Introduction Equity and access in university education have become central issues in global education policy. As higher education is increasingly recognized as a pathway to economic mobility, social inclusion, and national development, ensuring fair access to universities for all individuals—regardless of socioeconomic background, gender, ethnicity, disability, or geographic location—has gained critical importance. However, despite significant … Read more

Introduction The rapid advancement of technology has significantly transformed higher education worldwide. Universities increasingly rely on digital learning tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), virtual classrooms, educational apps, and artificial intelligence–driven platforms to enhance teaching and learning experiences. Among the many outcomes associated with this digital shift, student engagement has emerged as one of … Read more

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